|
Ronnie's Lovely Record
by William Blum
Nicaragua
For eight terribly long years, 1981-1989, the people of
Nicaragua were under attack by Ronald Reagan's proxy army, the Contras,
formed from Somoza's vicious National Guardsmen and other supporters of
the dictator. It was all-out war from Washington, aiming to destroy the
progressive social and economic programs of the government, burning down
schools and medical clinics, raping, torturing, mining harbors, bombing
and strafing. These were the charming gentlemen Reagan liked to call
"freedom fighters".
El Salvador
Salvador's dissidents tried to work within the system.
But with US support, the government made that impossible, using repeated
electoral fraud and murdering hundreds of protestors and strikers. When
the dissidents took to the gun and civil war, the Carter administration
and, more so, the Reagan administration responded with unlimited money,
military aid, and training in support of the government and its death
squads and torture, the latter with the help of CIA torture manuals. US
military and CIA personnel played an active role on a continuous basis.
The result was 75,000 civilian deaths; meaningful social change
thwarted; a handful of the wealthy still owned the country; the poor
remained as ever; dissidents still had to fear right-wing death squads;
there was to be no profound social change in El Salvador.
Guatemala
In 1954, a CIA-organized coup overthrew the
democratically-elected and progressive government of Jacobo Arbenz,
initiating 40 years of military-government death squads, torture,
disappearances, mass executions, and unimaginable cruelty, totaling more
than 200,000 victims--indisputably one of the most inhumane chapters of
the 20th century. For eight of those years the Reagan administration
played a major role. Perhaps the worst of the military dictators was
General Efrain Rios Montt, who carried out a near-holocaust against the
indians and peasants, for which he was widely condemned in the world. In
December 1982, Reagan went to visit Rios Montt. After the meeting,
referring to the allegations of extensive human-rights abuses, Reagan
declared that the Guatemalan leader was receiving "a bad deal".
Grenada
Reagan invaded this tiny country in October 1983, an
invasion totally illegal and immoral, and surrounded by lies (such as
"endangered" American medical students). The invasion put into power
individuals more beholden to US foreign policy objectives.
Afghanistan
After the Carter administration provoked a Soviet
invasion, Reagan supported the Islamic fundamentalists in their war to
eject the Soviets and the secular government, which honored women's
rights. In the end, the United States and the fundamentalists "won",
women's rights and the rest of Afghanistan lost. More than a million
dead, three million disabled, five million refugees; in total about half
the population. And many thousands of anti-American Islamic
fundamentalists, trained and armed by the US, on the loose to terrorize
the world.
The Cold War
It has become conventional wisdom that it was the
relentlessly tough anti-communist policies of the Reagan Administration,
with its heated-up arms race, that led to the collapse and reformation
of the Soviet Union and its satellites. The Tories in Great Britain say
that Margaret Thatcher and her unflinching policies contributed to the
miracle as well. The East Germans were believers too. When Ronald Reagan
visited East Berlin, the people there cheered him and thanked him "for
his role in liberating the East".
But this view is not universally held, nor should it be. Long the
leading Soviet expert on the United States, Georgi Arbatov, head of the
Moscow-based Institute for the Study of the USA and Canada, wrote his
memoirs in 1992. A Los Angeles Times book review by Robert Scheer summed
up a portion of it:
Arbatov understood all too well the failings of Soviet totalitarianism
in comparison to the economy and politics of the West. It is clear from
this candid and nuanced memoir that the movement for change had been
developing steadily inside the highest corridors of power ever since the
death of Stalin. Arbatov not only provides considerable evidence for the
controversial notion that this change would have come about without
foreign pressure, he insists that the US military buildup during the
Reagan years actually impeded this development.
George F. Kennan agrees. The former US ambassador to the Soviet Union,
and father of the theory of "containment" of the same country, asserts
that "the suggestion that any United States administration had the power
to influence decisively the course of a tremendous domestic political
upheaval in another great country on another side of the globe is simply
childish." He contends that the extreme militarization of American
policy strengthened hard-liners in the Soviet Union. "Thus the general
effect of Cold War extremism was to delay rather than hasten the great
change that overtook the Soviet Union."
If there's anyone to attribute the changes in the Soviet Union and
Eastern Europe to, it is of course Mikhail Gorbachev and the activists
he inspired. It should be remembered that Reagan was in office for over
four years before Gorbachev came to power, and Thatcher for six years,
but in that period of time nothing of any significance in the way of
Soviet reform took place despite Reagan's and Thatcher's unremitting
malice toward the communist state.
William Blum bblum6@aol.com is the author of Killing Hope: US Military
and CIA Interventions Since World War II,
www.killinghope.org .
|